Vol. 81 No. 2s (2026): Conference Proceedings Old-Growth Forests and Ancient Trees: A Treasure of Nature, Life and Culture, Firenze 1 October 2025 / Vallombrosa 2-3 October 2025
Reviews

Ecophysiological and ecosystem processes in old-growth forests

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  • Roberto Tognetti
Roberto Tognetti
Libera Università di Bolzano, Piazza Università - 39100, Bolzano, Italia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36253/ifm-1206

Published 2026-10-06

Keywords

  • growth,
  • resource,
  • aging,
  • productivity,
  • ecophysiology

How to Cite

Tognetti, R. (2026). Ecophysiological and ecosystem processes in old-growth forests. L’Italia Forestale E Montana, 81(2s), 222–240. https://doi.org/10.36253/ifm-1206

Copyright (c) 2026 Roberto Tognetti

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Abstract

ld-growth forests are highly relevant today for forest management, conservation, and climate change mitigation. They store large amounts of carbon, host specialized biodiversity, and sustain ecological processes that are absent or less evident in young or managed forests. Understanding how they function helps predict forest stability and their capacity to respond to drought, rising temperatures, and other environmental stresses. As trees age and increase in size, they face constraints that differ from those experienced by young or small plants. They must transport water over greater heights, maintain a larger living biomass, and support complex crowns. These factors can reduce growth and productivity at both the individual-tree and stand levels. At the individual level, growth decline may result from higher respiratory costs, hydraulic limitations, and reduced photosynthetic efficiency. At the stand level, it may be associated with lower nutrient availability and greater allocation of resources to non-woody components. However, it remains unclear to what extent these processes cause the observed decline in productivity. Age, size, genetics, environmental conditions, and climatic stresses interact in ways that are still poorly understood, limiting our ability to predict how old-growth forests will respond to global change.

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