V. 81 N. 3 (2026)
Reviews

Conflitti armati ed ecosistemi forestali: impatti ecologici, servizi ecosistemici e sfide per il ripristino

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  • Lorenzo Ciccarese,
  • Elena Stefanoni
Lorenzo Ciccarese
Fondazione per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile, via Garigliano 61/a - 00198 Roma.
Elena Stefanoni
Esperta legale ambientale e di cooperazione allo sviluppo.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36253/ifm-1261

Pubblicato 2026-11-13

Parole chiave

  • conflitti armati,
  • foreste,
  • ecosistemi forestali,
  • servizi ecosistemici,
  • degradazione,
  • ripristino,
  • cooperazione internazionale
    • ...Più
    Meno

Come citare

Ciccarese, L., & Stefanoni, E. (2026). Conflitti armati ed ecosistemi forestali: impatti ecologici, servizi ecosistemici e sfide per il ripristino. L’Italia Forestale E Montana, 81(3), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.36253/ifm-1261

Copyright (c) 2026 Lorenzo Ciccarese, Elena Stefanoni

Creative Commons License

Questo lavoro è fornito con la licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale 4.0 Internazionale.

Abstract

I conflitti armati costituiscono una delle minacce emergenti per gli ecosistemi forestali, determinando processi di degradazione che si estendono ben oltre la durata delle ostilità. Le operazioni militari producono effetti diretti, quali distruzione della vegetazione, incendi, frammentazione degli habitat, contaminazione di suoli e acque e mortalità della fauna, compromettendo immediatamente la struttura e il funzionamento degli ecosistemi. A questi si affiancano effetti indiretti, riconducibili al collasso della governance ambientale, allo sfruttamento non sostenibile delle risorse forestali, all’interruzione delle attività di gestione e monitoraggio, alla diffusione di specie aliene invasive e alla perdita di resilienza socio-ecologica, con conseguenze che possono persistere per decenni. Il contributo analizza i principali meccanismi di degradazione degli ecosistemi forestali sulla base della più recente letteratura scientifica, dei principali rapporti internazionali e delle evidenze riportate nel Global Environment Outlook 7 (GEO-7) dell’UNEP, con riferimenti a casi di studio in Ucraina, Balcani, Tigray e Medio Oriente. Vengono inoltre esaminati gli approcci al ripristino forestale nei contesti post-conflitto, evidenziandone metodologie, costi, tempi di recupero e principali fattori di incertezza. Infine, il lavoro mette in luce il ruolo della cooperazione ambientale internazionale e del rafforzamento delle capacità istituzionali quali strumenti essenziali per promuovere il recupero degli ecosistemi forestali e contribuire alla ricostruzione ecologica, alla resilienza socio-ecologica e a una pace duratura.

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