Vol. 77 No. 3 (2022)
Editorials

Environment, forests and security

Teo Luzi
Generale di Corpo d'Armata, Comandante Generale dell'Arma dei Carabinieri

Published 2022-08-25

Keywords

  • CUFA,
  • environmental protection,
  • forestry,
  • technological development

Abstract

The current historical context is characterized by a growing attention to the environmental concerns, felt as real and crucial emergencies needing to be dealt at a global scale with a high priority. First of all, the ongoing war on the Ukrainian land is analyzed according to the specific environmental point of view, in particular in relation to its impacts connected to habitats degradation and to the increase of climate change emissions into the atmosphere. The UN environmental conventions on climate change, biological diversity and to combat desertification represent an essential landmark for the transition towards a real sustainable development. The Carabinieri forest environment and agriculture unit (CUFA) is placed and carries out its mission in such context, both as an environmental police force structured to efficiently ensure the prevention of crimes perpetrated against the environment, forest, agriculture and food sectors in our Country and also at international level. Such setting is followed also in the framework of a new “environmental diplomacy”, active in exporting best practices into a cooperation field jointly designed with the UN Agencies and linked to the national institutional references.

References

  1. AA.VV., 2020 - Briefing note. Toolbox. United Nations, Climate Security Mechanism. New York.
  2. AA.VV., 2021 - Sustainable peace & security in a changing climate. Recommendations for NATO 2030. A Report for the NATO Secretary General from the North-Atlantic civil-society working group on environment and security (NCWES). EDRC, The Hague, 30 April 2021.
  3. Arma dei Carabinieri, 2018 - Lo stato di salute delle foreste italiane 1997-2017. Venti anni di monitoraggio della condizione delle chiome degli alberi. Comando Unità Forestali Ambientali ed Agroalimentari dell’Arma dei Carabinieri, Progetto LIFE+ SMART4Action. Roma.
  4. Arma dei Carabinieri, CREA, 2021 - Le foreste italiane. Sintesi dei risultati del terzo Inventario Forestale Nazionale INFC 2015. Comando Unità Forestali Ambientali ed Agroalimentari dell’Arma dei Carabinieri, Roma.
  5. Bakaki Z., Bohmelt T., 2021 - Can UN peacekeeping promote environmental quality? International studies quarterly, 65: 881-890.
  6. Bologna Peacebuilding Forum, 2021 - Peacebuilding and climate change. 18 and 19 May 2021. Event report. Agency for Peacebuilding, October 2021.
  7. Brown O. et al., 2020 - Europe and climate security: is Europe delivering on its rhetoric? Climate fragility policy paper. European Institute of Peace and Climate Security Expert Network, July 2020.
  8. Brown O., Nicolucci A.G., 2022 - The future of environmental peacebuilding. Nurturing an ecosystem for peace. White paper. Geneva Peacebuilding Platform, 1-32.
  9. Brown O., Nicolucci A.G., 2022 - The future of environmental peacebuilding. Nurturing an ecosystem for peace. A White paper and compendium. Geneva Peacebuilding Platform, 1-183.
  10. Chiarucci A., Piovesan G., 2020 - Need for a global map of forest naturalness for a sustainable future. Conservation Biology, 34 (2): 368-372.
  11. Ciancio O., 2011 - Progresso scientifico e cultura forestale. L’Italia Forestale e Montana, 66 (6): 432-439.
  12. Ciancio O., 2019 - Storia, Scienza, Sapere. Le tre S della conoscenza in campo forestale. In “Il bosco - bene indispensabile per un presente vivibile ed un futuro possibile”, Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali, Firenze.
  13. Ciancio O., 2020 - Biodiversità, silvosistemica e gestione forestale. L’Italia Forestale e Montana, 75 (1): 3-10. https://doi.org.10.4129/ifm.2020.1.01
  14. Ciancio O., 2021 - I diritti del bosco: un problema di natura etica e giuridica. L’Italia Forestale e Montana, 76 (3): 101-107.
  15. CMCC, 2021 - Annual report 2020. Centro Euro-mediterraneo sui cambiamenti climatici. Lecce.
  16. Commissione Europea, 2019 - Il Green Deal europeo. Comunicazione della Commissione al Parlamento europeo, al Consiglio, al Comitato Economico e Sociale Europeo e al Comitato delle Regioni. COM (2019) 640 final. Bruxelles, 11 dicembre 2019.
  17. Commissione Europea, 2020 - Strategia dell’UE sulla biodiversità per il 2030. Riportare la natura nella nostra vita. Comunicazione della Commissione al Parlamento europeo, al Consiglio, al Comitato Economico e Sociale Europeo e al Comitato delle Regioni. COM (2020) 380 final. Bruxelles, 20 maggio 2020.
  18. Commissione Europea, 2021 - Plasmare un’Europa resiliente ai cambiamenti climatici - La nuova strategia dell’UE di adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici. Comunicazione della Commissione al Parlamento europeo, al Consiglio, al Comitato Economico e Sociale Europeo e al Comitato delle Regioni. COM (2021) 82 final. Bruxelles, 24 febbraio 2021.
  19. Commissione Europea, 2021 - Nuova Strategia dell’UE per le foreste per il 2030. Comunicazione della Commissione al Parlamento europeo, al Consiglio, al Comitato Economico e Sociale Europeo e al Comitato delle Regioni. COM (2021) 572 final. Bruxelles, 16 luglio 2021.
  20. Commissione Europea, 2021 - Strategia dell’UE per il suolo per il 2030. Suoli sani a vantaggio delle persone, degli alimenti, della natura e del clima. Comunicazione della Commissione al Parlamento europeo, al Consiglio, al Comitato Economico e Sociale Europeo e al Comitato delle Regioni. COM (2021) 699 final. Bruxelles, 17 novembre 2021.
  21. Commissione Europea, 2021 - Proposta di regolamento del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio relativo alla messa a disposizione sul mercato dell’Unione e all’esportazione dall’Unione di determinate materie prime e determinati prodotti associati alla deforestazione e al degrado forestale e che abroga il regolamento (UE) n. 995/2010. COM (2021) 706 final. Bruxelles, 17 novembre 2021.
  22. Council of the European Union, 2019 - EU Civilian Training Group (EUCTG) Strategic guidance on CSDP Civilian training. Brussels, 14 June 2019.
  23. Council of the European Union, 2020 - Council conclusions on security and defence. Brussels, 17 June 2020.
  24. Council of the European Union, 2020 - Climate change and defence roadmap. Brussels, 9 November 2020.
  25. Council of the European Union, 2021 - Delivering on the external dimension of the European Green Deal. Council conclusions on Climate and Energy diplomacy. Brussels, 25 January 2021.
  26. Council of the European Union, 2021 - Concept for an integrated approach on climate change and security. Brussels, 5 October 2021.
  27. Dasgupta P., 2021 - The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review. UK Government - Her Majesty’s Treasury, London, February 2021.
  28. De Koning R., Capistrano D., 2007 - Sustainable forest management for peace building. Background document. United Nations Forum on Forests Secretariat.
  29. EEA, 2019 - The European environment - State and outlook 2020. Knowledge for a transition to a sustainable Europe. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen.
  30. European Commission, 2018 - World Atlas of desertification. Joint Research Centre. Publication Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
  31. European Commission, 2020 - FLEGT regulation: Union-wide overview for the year 2020. Overview base on the analysis of information on the application of the Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Regulation (Council Regulation (EC) n. 2173/2005), submitted by EU Member States. European Commission Environment Directorate-General, Brussels.
  32. European Commission, 2020 - Forest fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2019. JRC technical report. Joint Research Centre. ISPRA.
  33. European Commission, 2021 - EU strategy to tackle organized crime 2021-2025. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Brussels, 14.4.2021, COM (2021) 170 final.
  34. European Parliament, 2021 - Preparing the CSDP for the new security environment created by climate change. Directorate-General for external policy. Policy Department, Brussels.
  35. FAO, 2015 - FAO and peacebuilding: supporting peace through food security and resilience. Rome, 2015.
  36. FAO, 2016 - Peace and food security. Investing in resilience to sustain rural livelihoods amid conflict. Technical note. Rome, 2016.
  37. FAO, 2020 - Pathways to sustaining peace at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). A thematic paper jointly authored by FAO and Interpeace as a contribution to the 2020 Report of the Secretary-General on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace.
  38. FAO, 2020 - Global forest resources assessment 2020. Main report. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Roma.
  39. FAO, 2020 - Global forest resources assessment 2020. Report Italy. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Roma.
  40. FAO, 2020 - The State of the world’s forests: forests, biodiversity and people”. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Roma.
  41. FAO, 2021 - Deploying a humanitarian-development-peace nexus approach. Exploring, strengthening and reviving dryland ecosystems. Forestry discussion paper. Rome, 2021.
  42. Forest Europe, 2021 - Bratislava Ministerial Resolution. Adapting pan-European forests to climate change. 8th Ministerial conference on the protection of forests in Europe, 14-15 April 2021. Bratislava.
  43. Forest Europe, 2021 - State of Europe’s forests 2020. 8th Ministerial conference on the protection of forests in Europe, 14-15 April 2021. Bratislava.
  44. Gatti R.C., Piovesan G., Chiarucci A., 2021 - Italy: Forest harvesting is the opposite of green growth. Nature, 595(7867), 353-353
  45. Greenpeace, 2020 - The future of forests in the European Union. Untapped potential for nature conservation and climate change mitigation. Greenpeace, November 2020, Amsterdam.
  46. Hardt J.N., Scheffran J., 2019 - Environmental peacebuilding and climate change: peace and conflict studies at the edge of transformation. Police brief n. 68. Toda Peace Institute, Tokyo.
  47. ICP Forests, 2021 - Forest condition in Europe. The 2021 assessment. ICP Forests technical report under the UNECE Convention on long range transboundary air pollution. Eberswalde, Germany.
  48. IPBES, 2019 - The global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem services, Bonn.
  49. IPCC, 2019 - Climate change and land. An IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva.
  50. IPCC, 2021 - Climate change 2021. The physical science basis. Working group I contribution to the Sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva.
  51. IPCC, 2022 - Climate change 2022. Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Working group II contribution to the Sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva.
  52. Interpol, 2019 - Global forestry enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement cooperation against forestry crime. Interpol General Secretariat, Lyon.
  53. Lazard O., Youngs R., 2021 - The EU and climate security: toward ecological diplomacy. Carnegie Europe. Open society European policy Institute.,Washington D.C.
  54. Korea Forest Service, 2021 - Forest restoration: vision of the Forest Peace initiative. Asia Pacific climate week, Session 3 - Making peace with nature, 7th July 2021.
  55. Krampe F., 2019 - Climate change, peacebuilding and sustaining peace. SIPRI Policy brief, June 2019.
  56. Krampe F. et al., 2021 - Sustaining peace through better resource governance: three potential mechanisms for environmental peacebuilding. World Development, 144: 105508.
  57. Ide T. et al., 2021 - The past and future(s) of environmental peacebuilding. International Affairs, 97 (1): 1-16.
  58. Lazard O., Youngs R., 2021 - The EU and climate security: toward ecological diplomacy. Carnegie Europe. Brussels.
  59. Matroieni G., 2017 - Peace, security and sustainable development. Global Land Outlook working paper. United Nations Convention to combat desertification. September 2017.
  60. MiPAAFT et al., 2019 - RaF Italia 2017-2018. Rapporto sullo stato delle foreste e del settore forestale in Italia. Rete Rurale Nazionale 2014-2020. Compagnia delle Foreste. Arezzo.
  61. MiPAAF, 2021 - Approvazione della Strategia forestale nazionale. Decreto 23 dicembre 2021, G.U. Serie generale n. 33 del 9 febbraio 2022.
  62. Munoz H. et al., 2021 - Assessing impacts of environmental peacebuilding in Caquetà, Colombia: a multistakeholder perspective. International Affairs, 97 (1): 177-179.
  63. Myers R., et al., 2021 - Climate change mitigation in forests: conflict, peacebuilding and lessons for climate security. Position paper 2021/1. CGIAR Focus Climate Security.
  64. Piovesan G. et al., 2021 - Mediterranean old-growth forests exhibit resistance to climate warming. Science of the total environment, 801: 149684.
  65. Ratner B.D., 2018 - Environmental security: dimensions and priorities. STAP Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel. GEF and UNEP. June 2018.
  66. Security Council Report, 2021 - The UN Security Council and climate change. Research report N.#2, 21 June 2021.
  67. Stato Maggiore della Difesa, 2021 - Concetto “Scenari futuri”: tendenze ed implicazioni per la sicurezza e la difesa. Edizione 2021.
  68. UNDFS, 2017 - DFS environment strategy. Executive summary. UN Field Support, November 2017.
  69. UNEP, 2009 - From conflict to peacebuilding. The role of natural resources and the environment. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi.
  70. UNEP, 2012 - Greening the blue helmets. Environment, Natural Resources and UN Peacekeeping Operations. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi.
  71. UNEP, 2016 - Environmental cooperation for peacebuilding programme. Final report 2016. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi.
  72. UNEP, FAO, 2020 - The United Nations decade on ecosystems restoration. Strategy. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi.
  73. Un Peacebuilding, 2021 - Climate security and peacebuilding. The Secretary’s General Peacebuilding Fund. July 2020.
  74. USAID, 2005 - Forests & conflict. A toolkit for intervention. U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington D.C.
  75. Van Schaik L., Ramnath A., 2021 - Mission probable: the EU’s efforts to green security and defence. Policy brief, Planetary Security Initiative. August 2021, Clingendael Institute.
  76. Wallace J., Conca K., 2012 - Peace through sustainable forest management in Asia. The USAID forest conflict initiative. In: High value natural resources and peacebuilding, ed. P. Lujala and S.A. Rustad. London, Earthcan.
  77. Wilson E.O., 2017 - Half-Earth: Our Planet’s Fight for Life. Liveright.
  78. World Bank Group, 2018 - Groundswell. Preparing for internal climate migration. International Bank for reconstruction and development, the World Bank, Washington D.C.
  79. World Bank Group, 2021 - Groundswell. Acting on internal climate migration. Part II. International Bank for reconstruction and development, the World Bank, Washington D.C.
  80. WWF, 2020 - Living planet report. Bending the curve of biodiversity loss. World Wide Fund, Gland.
  81. WWF, 2021 - Stepping up? The continuing impact of EU consumption on nature worldwide. World Wide Fund, Gland.